Tuesday, 10 February 2015

Ecuador- Part 1/3 Otavalo

It is often very difficult to find the time and motivation to work on things such as uploading pictures or writing blogs after a long trip since you always come back and are swamped with an inbox of 1000s of emails, work to catch up on and just the whole settling back into regular life after living a dream. This has definitely been the case since my trip to Ecuador so rather than split it up by day like I usually do I am cramming everything into three parts.

OTAVALO
After the flight landed in the brand new Quito airport we got a $60 taxi (more expensive than usual because we got in at the middle of the night)  to Otavalo and stayed at Riviera Sucre. The hostel was very nice with a garden of potted plants and very nice breakfasts.  We even had a black-tailed trainbearer (hummingbird with a really long tail) visiting the flowers as we eat. 

Spices for sale in Otavalo markets
The Otavalo market at Plaza de Ponchos is the big draw for tourists to visit the area which specializes in textiles. I bought two blankets made from synthetic alpaca. Most people will insist that their products are alpaca but they are not pure and are combined with other polyester type materials. If you pull a piece of hair off and burn it it should turn to ash if real and pure but will melt/ form globs if not real.
 
Textiles in Otavalo
 The real and traditional textiles for the most part are found in the towns outside of Otavalo and are just a quick taxi or bus ride away. Their blankets, ponchos etc are all dyed with natural sources (such as mushed up mealy bugs or plant roots) and don't have the bright colours that you see in most of the main markets. 

Textiles in Otavalo
 COTACACHI
Unfortunately a late start in the day meant we didn't get to Cotacachi Lake as early as we would have liked. This volcanic lake is set in paramo, a habitat that is high elevation, rocky with mostly low lying plants and few trees growing in the valleys between hills.  
Cotacachi Lake
 There is a trail that loops the lake and they say it takes 4 hours to walk it but if you are a biologist or plan on stopping at all to actually look at things plan on taking the full day. It has gorgeous views and amazing wildlife to see so it is worth spending the time. We barely made it 1/3 of the way!


Cotacachi Lake
 At the beginning of our hike it was starting to rain and by rain I really mean pour down water like someone just dumped a bucket on your head and continued that for about 30 minutes. Amidst the rain I could hear at least two species of frogs calling back and forth but the rain made it impossible to locate a single one and when it stopped so did they.

Cotacachi Lake
 The birds and reptiles came out when the rain stopped and those were much easier to find. My favorites were the scarlet-bellied mountain tanagers, black-chested buzzard eagle and sparkling violetear.


Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager
Sparkling Violetear
The trail loops around the top of the mountains and some birds are harder to see since they are down in the shrubs and trees hidden in the valleys. The best way to see birds is to just sit in one of those spots and watch for a while.

Another View of Guinea Pig Lake
 As soon as the sun was out the reptiles came out and were scrambling around in everything that had thorns. Good protection from birds or anything else grabbing them but it did make it difficult to get a good look. One species was a skink but I have no good pictures and this was the best  could get of the lizard.

Lizard at Cotacachi
 The plant life was definitely one of the most interesting things. The diversity of orchids alone was amazing and they covered more space than I have ever seen before. It sometimes looked like there were fields of them mixed in with bromeliads growing on the ground, ferns, Lycopodium sp., Equisetum sp. and few other wildflowers.
Masdevallia sp.
CASCADA DE PEGUCHE
The "Septembre 8" bus took us to the town of Peguche where you can find some good quality textiles but we continued on to the waterfall down the road.

Female Blue and Yellow Tanager
We went down a trail behind the washrooms in order to avoid the crowds of kids going up to the waterfall. It was definitely a mistake to visit this area on a holiday. But it gave us a chance to see some birds in a quite area before walking up to the falls. The river below the falls had canals running into town that collected water. The grass is low lying and seams almost groomed but shrubs and trees surround the valley sides.


Rufous- chested Tanager
 The waterfall was spectacular. Lush green everywhere and mist rolling off the falls towards the rocky areas beneath. Yet again the downside was the hoards of children spraying foam and throwing chalk at each other since that is what they do on holidays. I really hope it all got cleaned up since the mess was disgusting.


Again this trip, I come to be reminded that sometimes just listening to and watching nature has immense rewards and you see things you never expected. I was watching a male kestrel land on a branch with his meal and I expected him to start eating it but instead he started calling. The female came down and grabbed the gift and took it up to her nest.


Later at night the falls had very different wildlife. The areas was quite except for calling frogs. These represent the two different varieties I could find but potentially could be the same species of rain frog since they have a lot of colour variation.




Monday, 5 January 2015

Introduction to Manitoba Alvars


Habitat shot of an alvar in Manitoba
Alvars are a globally rare ecosystems characterized by thin soil and sparse tree cover over limestone bedrocks. These were first discovered in Sweden by Carl Linnaeus and were given the name alvar for their barren appearance.  The openness of alvars is maintained by ecological processes such as erosion, flooding, fire, drought, frost heaving and grazing. These dynamic ecosystems are home to many rare and unusual species which are adapted to these disturbances. Alvars are under threats from garbage dumping, off-road vehicle use, mining, over-grazing, development and road building.
Recently, alvars were first discovered in the Interlake region of Manitoba and the Nature Conservancy of Canada and Manitoba conservation formed the Manitoba Alvar Initiative in order to study and preserve these unique ecosystems. 

Map of confirmed alvar areas in Manitoba (Manitoba Alvar Initiative, 2012)
Work done by the Manitoba Alvar Initiative (2012) represents only a “first approximation of alvar types” in Manitoba and the authors recommend that a “quantitative data-based classification scheme be developed to refine the conservation status of alvar types, establish site-condition metrics, recommend compatible land-management activities and advance conservation activities”. 

Table of the various alvar types and parameters used to define them
 My current Masters project aims to build on previous work by completing a comprehensive vegetation survey in order to form a quantitative classification scheme that will verify the alvar types (grassland, wet grassland, jack pine savannah, oak savannah, spruce savannah, boreal shrubland, prairie shrubland, intermediate shrubland) proposed by the Manitoba Alvar Initiative (2012). Additional goals of the project are to make preliminary observations on how disturbances, such as fire and grazing, affect the various alvar types. 

This season, species diversity, abundance and environmental data were collected for 103 plots (10mX10m) from June till August.  Locations of rare species, such as Gastonyi’s Cliffbrake (Pellaea gastonyi) which only occurs on exposed limestone ridges and tabletops, were recorded. The information collected from plots will be used to separate alvars into alvar types allowing for species lists and mapping to be completed for each of the 20 sites on crown land. The completion of this project will give us a better understanding of a complex, dynamic and unusual ecosystem so that we can properly manage and conserve its biodiversity. 

Cliffbrake growing on exposed limestone ridge

Monday, 13 October 2014

Snake Road 2014

As tradition demanded there was a very long drive down to Illinois for the Canadian Thanksgiving weekend. This started out getting picked up in Toronto and driving down (in shifts) with 3 others to meet a wonderful caravan of like-minded herpers for a weekend of camping, herptiles and well the usual shenanigans.  We started off with a trip to the Walmart in Anna for cheap food and booze. Every set up tents in record time and after a good dose of coffee later we were back on the road... this time the "Snake Road" which is actually closed down for the snake migration each year and is a protected area.

The rain brought out many neat amphibians our first day. We didn't have to much success with snakes but the Western Earth Snake was quite a nice surprise.


What started as a tiring trip became an exhausting one. Lack of sleep added up but the troop was determined so we kept searching for our most desirable species. We continued to find salamanders, frogs, skinks, lizards, turtles... And AT LAST!! After two previous trips to the road seeing many a cool herp, I finally saw my holy grail of snake road... a mud snake.

 This gorgeous adult female mud snake was a lovely end to an amazing trip and made it a priceless experience even though the reunion with great friends is rewarding enough. 

The trip ended as any thanksgiving usually goes... by eating birds until you feel like the one who got stuffed. In Illinois we just changed this a bit by eating a whole lot of all you can eat fried chicken instead of roasted turkey. Then proceeded to enjoy a campfire to the wee hours of the morning at which point we drive all the way back to Ontario. Yes there was almost as much driving as there was herping but we made the most of the short time we had there.

Wednesday, 13 August 2014

Reptiles and Amphibians of Holguin Province, Cuba

Although the trip wasn't focused on looking for reptiles and amphibians I always manage to keep my eyes open and find a few along the way.

Cuban Ameiva -Ameiva auberi



Cuban Blue Anole - Anolis allisoni

Oriente Giant Anole - Anolis noblei

Oriente Giant Anole - Anolis noblei


Cuban Side-blotched Curlytail - Leipcephalus macropus
Amphibians weren't really common at the resort except when I found a few creeks and small drainage streams in the areas nearby.




Cuban Tree Frog






Cuban Tree Frog

Cuban Tree Frog




And as always you find other very cool creatures while out and about at night....

Taratula